Intracranial Glioblastoma Multiforme (Stage IV Glioma) Presenting as Papilledema: Two Case Reports.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is fast growing invasive gliomas often referred to as Grade IV glioma, arising from astrocyte spreading rapidly into nearby brain tissue and occur most commonly in temporal and frontal lobes. Here, we present case reports of two young female patients who presented to an eye hospital with predominant complaints of a headache and blurred vision, without any other neurological deficits. Comprehensive evaluation revealed intracranial frontal lobe mass lesion (GBM) causing severe papilledema and secondary optic atrophy.

Choroidal Neovascular Membrane in a case of Subretinal Cysticercosis.

This is a photo essay of a 20-year-old boy who presented with a subretinal cyst. The patient first presented to us with a history of decreased vision in his left eye of 2 weeks duration with a visual acuity of 20/20 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye.

Capsulorhexis in White Intumescent Cataracts: The Five Commandments to Follow.

We describe a surgical technique for achieving a successful capsulorhexis in white intumescent cataracts. Raised intralenticular pressure is responsible for the high incidence of peripheral extension of the capsulorhexis (Argentinian Flag Sign) in intumescent cataract surgery. Swollen anterior and posterior sub-capsular cortex is responsible for the high intralenticular pressure. We present surgical strategies in the form of five commandments, which would ensure better success rates in achieving capsulorhexis in intumescent cataracts. These five commandments are based on the surgical principles of maintaining positive pressure in the anterior chamber and performing a two staged sequential active decompression of the swollen capsular bag and a two staged capsulorhexis. These strategies aim at gradual decompression of the swollen capsular bag, which will ensure a less tense anterior capsule and better control over the tearing anterior capsule

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in association with optic nervehead drusen.

Optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) are incidental ophthalmologic finding in the optic nerve. Patients with ONHD are often asymptomatic, but sometimes present with transient visual obscuration’s (TVO), the reported incidence of which is 8.6%. Optic nerve head drusen are of two types: Superficial; visible and deep. The deep‑buried drusen mimic papilledema. Because of the varied presentation deep‑buried drusen pose a diagnostic challenge to the ophthalmologists. In young patients, they are mistaken for papilledema as it is clinically difficult to detect a buried drusen in the optic nerve head, but are seen on the surface with aging as the retinal nerve fiber layer thins out. They are observed as pale yellow lesions more often located towards the poles. Clinical examination aided with diagnostic tests like computed tomography (CT) orbits and ultrasound B scan can help establish the diagnosis. Herein, we report a rare case of optic nerve head drusen in a young lady, who presented with loss of vision and clinical evaluation and investigations suggested ONHD with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.